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Renaud Barbaras
Renaud Barbaras (born in 1955) is a French contemporary philosopher. An École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud alumnus, he is Chair of Contemporary Philosophy in the Sorbonne.
== Philosophy ==
A phenomenologist, his works have primarily focused on the philosophies of Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. More recently, his readings of Czech philosopher Jan Patočka have influenced him into conceiving a phenomenology of life and accordingly, a cosmology in which man's place is to be thought anew.
In 1999, Renaud Barbaras begins to build his own philosophy as he is confronted with the apories of the philosophy of the late Merleau-Ponty, the philosopher he worked on for his PhD. Subtitled "an introduction to a phenomenology of perception" in homage to the author of ''Visible and invisible'', Barbaras' ''Desire and distance'' addresses the consequences of the ''Abschattungslehre'' neither Husserl nor Merleau-Ponty managed to be coherent with: his idea is to be faithful to the principle according to which ''the fact that we only perceive one side of the things around us doesn't mean we don't perceive them as themselves''.〔''Desire and distance'', Introduction: The problem of perception〕 This is what he calls ''not submitting perception to the law of object'' (or objectivity): the mistake he spots is the prejudice we have to think our way of perceiving as imperfect in comparison to the supposed plenitude of the things themselves.〔''Desire and distance'', Chapter 2: Criitique of transcendantal phenomenology〕 But to be consequent would be to acknowledge the fact that nothing can appear if not to a subject. This doesn't mean the subject is constituting the object, but merely that he is a part of the process of manifestation.〔''Desire and distance'', Chapter 3: The three moments of manifestation〕 To be a part of and not to be constituting: this requires a new definition of subjectivity, which Barbaras tries to give through the conception of a subject based on the natural movement and what he calls desire:〔''Desire and distance'', Chapter 5: Desire as essence of subjectivity〕
"We began our inquiry on the being of the intramondaneous subject with the relation, phenomenologically attested, between perception and movement. Now, this relation no longer represents any difficulty. It is plainly justified by the fact desire consists in experiencing its own limits. Indeed, since perception is only possible through the limitation of a totality, every perception essentially calls for its overtaking by a movement. Perceiving, in the end, is always passing to something else. And this doesn't only mean that a perception may give way to another perception, but that perception consists in giving way to something else because, since perception is desire, a reality is only to be grasped as something essentially missing."〔''Le désir et la distance'' (1999), Vrin, p. 151.〕
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